Why is this drug prescribed?
Captopril is used in the treatment of high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. When prescribed for high blood pressure, it is effective used alone or combined with diuretics. If it is prescribed for congestive heart failure, it is used in combination with digitalis and diuretics. Captopril is in a family of drugs known as "ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors." It works by preventing a chemical in your blood called angiotensin I from converting into a more potent form that increases salt and water retention in your body. Captopril also enhances blood flow throughout your blood vessels.
In addition, Captopril is used to improve survival in certain people who have suffered heart attacks and to treat kidney disease in diabetics.
Some doctors also prescribe Captopril for angina pectoris (crushing chest pain), Raynaud's phenomenon (a disorder of the blood vessels that causes the fingers to turn white when exposed to cold), and rheumatoid arthritis.
Most important fact about this drug
If you have high blood pressure, you must take Captopril regularly for it to be effective. Since blood pressure declines gradually, it may be several weeks before you get the full benefit of Captopril; you must continue taking it even if you are feeling well. Captopril does not cure high blood pressure; it merely keeps it under control.
How should you take this medication?
Captopril should be taken 1 hour before meals. If you are taking an antacid such as Mylanta, take it 2 hours prior to Captopril.
Take this medication exactly as prescribed. Stopping Captopril suddenly could cause your blood pressure to increase.
--If you miss a dose...
Take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule. Never take two doses at the same time.
--Storage instructions...
Store Captopril at room temperature, away from moisture, in a tightly closed container.
What side effects may occur?
Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Captopril.
- More common side effects may include:
Itching, loss of taste, low blood pressure, rash
- Less common or rare side effects may include:
Abdominal pain, anemia, angina pectoris (severe chest pain), blisters, blurred vision, breast development in males, cardiac arrest, changes in heart rhythm, chest pain, confusion, constipation, cough, depression, diarrhea, difficulty swallowing, dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, fever and chills, flushing, general feeling of ill health, hair loss, headache, heart attack, heart failure, impotence, inability to sleep, indigestion, inflammation of the nose, inflammation of the tongue, labored breathing, lack of coordination, loss of appetite, lung inflammation, muscle pain and/or weakness, nausea, nervousness, pallor, palpitations, peptic ulcer, rapid heartbeat, sensitivity to light, skin inflammation, skin peeling, sleepiness, sore throat, stomach irritation, stroke, sudden fainting or loss of strength, swelling of face, lips, tongue, throat, or arms and legs, tingling or pins and needles, vomiting, weakness, wheezing, yellow eyes and skin
Why should this drug not be prescribed?
If you are sensitive to or have ever had an allergic reaction to Captopril or similar drugs such as Vasotec, you should not take this medication. Make sure that your doctor is aware of any drug reactions that you have experienced.
Special warnings about this medication
If you develop swelling of the face around your lips, tongue or throat (or of your arms and legs) or have difficulty swallowing, you should stop taking Captopril and contact your doctor immediately. You may need emergency treatment.
If you are receiving bee or wasp venom to prevent an allergic reaction to stings, use of Captopril at the same time may cause a severe allergic reaction.
If you are taking Captopril, a complete assessment of your kidney function should be done; and your kidney function should continue to be monitored. If you have kidney disease, Captopril should be used only if you have taken other blood pressure medications and your doctor has determined that the results were unsatisfactory.
Some people taking Captopril have had a severe allergic reaction during kidney dialysis.
If you are taking Captopril for your heart, be careful not to increase physical activity too quickly. Check with your doctor as to how much exercise is safe for you.
If you are taking Captopril for congestive heart failure, your blood pressure may drop temporarily after the first few doses and you may feel light-headed for a time. Your doctor should monitor you closely when you start taking the medication or when your dosage is increased.
If you are taking high doses of diuretics and Captopril, you may develop excessively low blood pressure. Your doctor may reduce your diuretic dose so that your blood pressure doesn't drop too far.
If you notice a yellow coloring to your skin or the whites of your eyes, stop taking the drug and notify your doctor immediately. You could be developing a liver problem.
Captopril may cause you to become drowsy or less alert, especially if you are also taking a diuretic at the same time. If it has this effect on you, driving or participating in any potentially hazardous activity is not recommended.
Dehydration may cause a drop in blood pressure. If you experience symptoms such as excessive perspiration, vomiting, and/or diarrhea, notify your doctor immediately.
If you develop a sore throat or fever you should contact your doctor immediately. It could indicate a more serious illness.
If you develop a persistent, dry cough, tell your doctor. It may be due to the medication and, if so, will disappear if you stop taking Captopril.
Possible food and drug interactions when taking this medication
If Captopril is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Captopril with the following:
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Aspirin
Blood pressure drugs known as beta blockers, such as Inderal and Tenormin
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Diuretics such as HydroDIURIL
Lithium (Lithonate)
Nitroglycerin and similar heart medicines (Nitro-Dur, Transderm-Nitro, others)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Indocin and Feldene
Potassium preparations such as Micro-K and Slow-K
Potassium-sparing diuretics such as Aldactone and Midamor
Do not use potassium-containing salt substitutes while taking Captopril.
Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding
ACE inhibitors such as Captopril have been shown to cause injury and even death to the developing baby when used in pregnancy during the second and third trimesters. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, contact your doctor immediately. Captopril appears in breast milk and could affect a nursing infant. If this medication is essential to your health, your doctor may advise you to discontinue breastfeeding until your treatment is finished.
Recommended dosage
ADULTS
High Blood Pressure
The usual starting dose is 25 milligrams taken 2 or 3 times a day. If you have any problems with your kidneys or suffer from other major health problems, your starting dose may be lower. Depending on how your blood pressure responds, your doctor may increase your dose later, up to a total of 150 milligrams 2 or 3 times a day. The maximum recommended daily dose is 450 milligrams.
Heart Failure
For most people, the usual dose is 25 milligrams taken 3 times a day. A daily dosage of 450 milligrams should not be exceeded.
After a Heart Attack
The usual starting dose is 6.25 milligrams, taken once, followed by 12.5 milligrams 3 times a day. Your doctor will increase the dose over the next several days to 25 milligrams taken 3 times a day and then, over the next several weeks, to 50 milligrams 3 times a day.
Kidney Disease in Diabetes
The usual dose is 25 milligrams taken 3 times a day.
CHILDREN The safety and effectiveness of Captopril in children have not been established.
Overdosage
Any medication taken in excess can cause symptoms of overdose. If you suspect an overdose of Captopril, seek medical attention immediately.
Light-headedness or dizziness due to a sudden drop in blood pressure is the primary effect of a Captopril overdose. |
